Geography of India
India is a diverse country with varied geography, from the Himalayan mountains in the north to the tropical beaches in the south. Learn about India’s geography, climate, and natural features.
India’s Geography
India is located in South Asia and is the seventh largest country in the world by area. It shares borders with Pakistan, China, Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh, and Myanmar. The country has a coastline of over 7,500 km along the Arabian Sea, Indian Ocean, and Bay of Bengal.
Major Geographical Features
- Himalayas — The world’s highest mountain range, forming India’s northern border
- Indo-Gangetic Plain — Fertile plains formed by the Indus, Ganges, and Brahmaputra rivers
- Thar Desert — A large arid region in northwestern India
- Deccan Plateau — A large plateau covering most of southern India
- Western Ghats — A mountain range along the western coast
- Eastern Ghats — A mountain range along the eastern coast
- Coastal Plains — Narrow plains along the Arabian Sea and Bay of Bengal
Climate
India has a diverse climate, ranging from tropical in the south to temperate in the north. The country experiences four seasons:
- Winter — December to February
- Summer — March to May
- Monsoon — June to September
- Post-Monsoon — October to November
Rivers of India
- Ganges (Ganga) — The most sacred river in India
- Yamuna — A major tributary of the Ganges
- Brahmaputra — A major river in northeastern India
- Godavari — The second longest river in India
- Krishna — A major river in southern India
- Kaveri (Cauvery) — A major river in southern India
States and Union Territories
India has 28 states and 8 union territories, each with its own unique geography, culture, and language. From the snow-covered peaks of Kashmir to the tropical beaches of Kerala, India’s geography is incredibly diverse.